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Monday, September 2, 2013

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ANSWERS OF QUESTION 1-5 FOR POST


ANSWERS  OF QUESTION 1-5  FOR POST http://crushack.blogspot.in/2013/09/top-30-c-programs-asked-in-interview_6304.html


1. Write a program to find factorial of the given number.
Recursion: A function is called'recursive 'if a statement within the body of a function calls the same function. It
is also called'circular definition '. Recursion is thus a process of defining something in terms of itself.
Program: To calculate the factorial value using recursion.
?#?include?
int fact(int n);
int main(){
int x, i;
printf("En ter a value for x: \n");
scanf("%d" ,&x);
i = fact(x);
printf("\n Factorial of %d is %d", x, i);
return 0;
}int fact(int n){
/* n=0 indicates a terminatin g condition */
if (n
return (1);
}else{
/* function calling itself */
return (n * fact(n - 1));
/*n*fact(n -1) is a recursive expression */
}
}
Output:
Enter a value for x:
4
Factorial of 4 is 24
Explanatio n:
fact(n) = n * fact(n-1)
If n=4
fact(4) = 4 * fact(3) there is a call to fact(3)
fact(3) = 3 * fact(2)
fact(2) = 2 * fact(1)
fact(1) = 1 * fact(0)
fact(0) = 1
fact(1) = 1 * 1 = 1
fact(2) = 2 * 1 = 2
fact(3) = 3 * 2 = 6
Thus fact(4) = 4 * 6 = 24
Terminatin g condition( n
infinite loop.

2. Write a program to check whether the given number is even or odd.
Program:
#include
int main(){
int a;
printf("En ter a: \n");
scanf("%d" ,&a);
/* logic */
if (a % 2 == 0){
printf("Th e given number is EVEN\n");
}
else{
printf("Th e given number is ODD\n");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter a: 2
The given number is EVEN
Explanatio n with examples:
Example 1: If entered number is an even number
Let value of'a'entered is 4
if(a%2==0) then a is an even number, else odd.
i.e. if(4%2==0) then 4 is an even number, else odd.
To check whether 4 is even or odd, we need to calculate (4%2).
/* % (modulus) implies remainder value. */
/* Therefore if the remainder obtained when 4 is divided by 2 is 0, then 4 is even. */
4%2==0 is true
Thus 4 is an even number.
Example 2: If entered number is an odd number.
Let value of'a'entered is 7
if(a%2==0) then a is an even number, else odd.
i.e. if(7%2==0) then 4 is an even number, else odd.
To check whether 7 is even or odd, we need to calculate (7%2).
7%2==0 is false /* 7%2==1 condition fails and else part is executed */
Thus 7 is an odd number.

3. Write a program to swap two numbers using a temporary variable.
Swapping interchang es the values of two given variables.
Logic:
step1: temp=x;
step2: x=y;
step3: y=temp;
Example:
if x=5 and y=8, consider a temporary variable temp.
step1: temp=x=5;
step2: x=y=8;
step3: y=temp=5;
Thus the values of the variables x and y are interchang ed.
Program:
#include
int main(){
int a, b, temp;
printf("En ter the value of a and b: \n");
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
printf("Be fore swapping a=%d, b=%d \n", a, b);
/*Swapping logic */
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
printf("Af ter swapping a=%d, b=%d", a, b);
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter the values of a and b: 2 3
Before swapping a=2, b=3
After swapping a=3, b=2

4. Write a program to swap two numbers without using a temporary variable.

Swapping interchang es the values of two given variables.

Logic:
step1: x=x+y;
step2: y=x-y;
step3: x=x-y;
Example:
if x=7 and y=4
step1: x=7+4=11;
step2: y=11-4=7;
step3: x=11-7=4;
Thus the values of the variables x and y are interchang ed.
Program:
#include
int main(){
int a, b;
printf("En ter values of a and b: \n");
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
printf("Be fore swapping a=%d, b=%d\n", a,b);
/*Swapping logic */
a = a + b;
b = a - b;
a = a - b;
printf("Af ter swapping a=%d b=%d\n", a, b);
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter values of a and b: 2 3
Before swapping a=2, b=3
The values after swapping are a=3 b=2

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